Logical aggregation based on interpolative

Explicit inclusion of logic in the process of aggregation (information fu- sion) is very important in real problems from many points of view such as adequacy and transparency. In this paper aggregation is treated as a logi- cal and/or pseudo-logical operation based on interpolative Boolean algebra (IBA). IBA is a real-valued ([0, 1]-valued) realization of Boolean algebra. As classical two-valued realization of Boolean algebra is the base of classical two-valued logic, IBA is the base of real-valued logic.Peer Reviewe

Cut Length Distributions of Haylage Particles

Alfalfa is one of the most important crops for forage production. Traditional method of alfalfa conservation assumes hay preparation. However, nowadays it is also commonly processed in the form of silage and haylage. Physiological effects of forages that are included in diets depend on plant species, stage of maturity, method of preservation and diet composition. Physical characteristics of rations for ruminants are primarily influenced by dietary forage to concentrate ratio, type of forages and concentrates, and mean particle size of feeds. Length distribution of forage particles represents an important parameter for ruminant’s diet formulation, especially for dairy cattle. During silage production, harvest considerations should be focused to obtaining the adequate particle size distribution of the ensiling crop particles. This paper presents results of testing three contemporary types of self-propelled silage harvesters applied in the alfalfa haylage preparation: Claas Jaguar 950, Krone Big X 700 and Krone Big X 500. All machines were adapted with pick-up headers. In the study are analyzed length distributions of chopped alfalfa particles. Resulting frequency distributions of produced haylage are characterised by high mass percentage of the fraction comprehending the largest particles. It is also evident that harvester Class Jaguar 950 achieved the mean chopping length closest to preset value

Combines Work Quality in Maize Silage Production

The paper presents testing results of three silage combines employed in maize silage preparation in Toplica region. It is focused on determination of technical working parameters of tested machines. Achieved results verified the superiority of silage combine John Deere 5820, which produced the chopped mass having particle lengths of the smallest deviation with respect to the preset cutting length. In this case, the average length of chopped mass was 9.9 mm, having 69 % mass in the range up to 8 mm. The other two silage combines produced lower mass percentage of this fraction and larger variations of particle lengths with respect to the preset length. Minimum mass flow rate was evidenced for the silage combine Fortschrit E-286: 7.3 kg s-1 (26.3 t h-1) and the surface productivity of 0.83 ha h-1, at the average speed of 4.0 km h-1. Maximum production rate was achieved with silage combine John Deere 5820: 10.9 kg s-1 (39.1 t h-1) at average working velocity of 4.7 km h-1 and surface efficiency of 1.21 ha h-1

Održavanje i analiza strukture zemljišta

The structure of land is one of their most important characteristics. Substantially influence the structure of the many features and processes in the soil is generally accepted. Soil aggregates are strongly influenced by human activities, including land use, tillage, application of manure and growing crops. Size of aggregates and their stability are interconnected to describe soil structure. Size distribution and aggregate stability after the break, are used to calculate quantitative stability index. In the classical approach to statistical analysis of soil structure are used: Gaussian normal function, and log-normal, Rosin-Rammler and Gaudin's-Schuhmann's functions. In addition to these distribution models recently introduced models are based on a dimensionless statistical moments and the log-hyperbolic distribution.Uticaj strukture zemljišta na osobine i procese u zemljištu je opšte prihvaćen. Zemljišni agregati su izloženi raznim uticajima, uključujući korišćenje zemljišta, obradu, aplikaciju stajnjaka i gajenje useva. Veličine agregata i njihova stabilnost međusobno su povezani. Stoga se raspodele veličina i stabilnost agregata, posle razbijanja, koriste za izračunavanje kvantitativnih indeksa stabilnosti. Klasična statistička analiza strukture zemljišta se oslanja na: normalnu, log-normalnu, Rosin- Rammler-ovu i Gaudin-Schuhmann-ovu funkciju raspodele. Pored navedenih, u novije vreme uvedeni su i modeli zasnovani na primeni viših statističkih momenata i hiperboličke raspodele

Pristupi ispitivanju statičke stabilnosti traktora točkaša

The analysis of the factors that show decisive influence on the tractors stability and the possible overturning, should preventively indicate the possible improvements of the tractor construction, in order to increase the tractor’s and operator’s safety. The purpose of this paper is to check the static angles of the longitudinal and lateral tractor stability, using the different methods that check the tractor stability up to the to the turnover limit. The process is based on the tractor longitudinal and lateral tilting and measurement of the reference values of the wheels heights with respect to the base. The same angles can be obtained by various analytical and numerical methoids methods based on the Theoretical mechanics. This paper suggests on the importance of empirical data, because they are the basis for further stability analysis of the tractors, other selfpropelled agricultural machines.Analiza faktora koji pokazuju odlučujuće uticaje na stabilnost i moguća prevrtanja traktora treba preventivno da ukaže na područja njihove efiksne i sigurne primene, kao i na glavne pravce poboljšanja konstrukcije traktora radi povećanja bezbednosti traktora i rukovaoca. Cilj ovog rada predstavlja provera statičkih uglova podužne i poprečne stabilnosti traktora, primenom različitih pristupa, tako što se isti dovodi do granice prevrtanja. Sam proces se zasniva na podužnom i bočnom podizanju traktora, uz stalno merenje referentnih vrednosti kota oslonih tačaka točkova u odnosu na podlogu. Isti uglovi se mogu proceniti i primenom analitičkih i numeričkih metoda, zasnovanih na principima teorijske mehanike. Rad ukazuje i na značaj empirijskih podataka, jer su oni osnova za sve dalje analize stabilnosti traktora I drugih samohodnih poljoprivrednih mašina

Opravdanost uvođenja mehanizovane berbe maline u Srbiji

The collection of fruit for its specifics in many ways different from harvesting other agricultural crops. When harvesting berries where the ramified bushes (dissipating the picking), small fruits, the need to harvest done on several occasions, because the fruits do not ripen at the same time, requires a large proportion of the workforce. The fact that hand-picking raspberries participate up to 70% of total production costs, indicates the necessity mechanized harvesting process. In order to achieve the criteria to grow the crop, which imposes the global market it is necessary to achieve the level of quality and quantity of production. Therefore, intense raspberry production requires the use of modern agricultural technology in the construction and cultivation of raspberry, and it is necessary to calculate the cost and production costs to maintain competitiveness in the market. Mechanized harvesting process is necessary in order to hand over to pick the length of time of operations, reduce the number of employees, increase productivity and reduce costs by up to several times.Ubiranje voća po svojim specifičnostima u mnogome se razlikuje od ubiranja ostalih poljoprivrednih plodova. Pri ubiranju jagodastog voća gde zbog razgranatosti žbunova (razgrtanje pri branju), sitnih plodova, potrebe da se berba obavi u nekoliko navrata, pošto plodovi ne sazrevaju istovremeno, zahteva veliki udeo radne snage. Činjenica da ručna berba maline učestvuje i do 70 % ukupnih troškova proizvodnje, upućuje na nužnost mehanizovanja procesa berbe. Da bi se postigli kriterijumi u proizvodnji maline koje nameće svetsko tržište neophodno je ostvariti nivo u kvalitetu i kvantitetu proizvodnje. Zbog toga intenzivna proizvodnja maline zahteva primenu savremene agrotehnike pri podizanju i gajenju malinjaka, a neophodno je izračunati ekonomičnost i troškove proizvodnje, da bi se održala konkurentnost na tržištu. Mehanizovanje procesa berbe je neophodno kako bi se u odnosu na ručno branje skratilo vreme izvođenja operacije, smanjio broj radnika, povećala proizvodnost i smanjili troškovi čak za nekoliko puta

YIELD AND QUALITY OF MÜLLER-THURGAU CLONE GM11 OF NIS GRAPE GROWING REGION

This paper presents the results of research variety Müller-Thurgau, clone 11 Gm, in order to determine quality indicators and the possibility of expansion in the vineyards of Southern Serbia. In terms of Nis grape growing region of the test are the most important agro technological and economic characteristics of the clone 11 Gm compared to the standard variety Müller-Thurgau. The test clone exhibited significant differences in yield and quality of grapes

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUITFULNESS OF SOME INTERSPECIES GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS

The results of important agro-biological and technological characteristics of three grapevine interspecies cultivars (Medina, Gecej Zamatos, and Kristala) are presented in this study. The following parameters were monitored: the total number of developed shoots, the number of fertile shoots, the number of bunch per vine, grape yield, fertility coefficient, the average bunch weight, yield per hectare, bunch and berry structural indicators and grape quality expressed through the content of sugar in must. Statistically significant differences were determined between the examined varieties regarding following characteristics: the number and yield of bunches per vine, structural indicators of berries and sugar content in must. The analysis of the obtained results related with the analyzed grape varieties in the agro-ecological conditions of Northern Bosnia showed that those varieties can successfully be cultivated in similar or identical agro-ecological conditions

Efekti primene sistema meliorativne obrade na zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava u proizvodnji ratarskih kultura

In this paper influence of two tillage systems for soils of heavy mechanical composition (conventional with bottom plough and ameliorative tillage system) is analyzed. The emphasis of research, in addition to other secondary effects, is focused on the yield and the cost of production of main field crops as relevant indicators of efficiency of plant production. Production of field crops with conventional tillage system gave satisfactory yields, characteristic for a given agro-climatic conditions (quantity and distribution of rainfall, soils of heavy mechanical composition). Ameliorative tillage system of soils of heavy mechanical composition in comparison to conventional system achieved significantly higher yields of crops in dry years (8.6% sunflower, 9.9% corn), and even more in years with a lot of rainfall (21% wheat ). The research is necessary to continue in order to see the effects of ameliorative tillage system on other breeding plants, and also for observing the effects of continuous usage of this tillage system (in second, third and fourth year of production).U radu je analiziran uticaj dva sistema obrade zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava: konvencionalni izveden pomoću raonog pluga i sistem meliorativne obrade. Akcenat istraživanja je, pored ostalih pratećih efekata, usmeren na prinos i troškove proizvodnje glavnih ratarskih kultura kao relevantnih pokazatelja efikasnosti biljne proizvodnje. Proizvodnja ratarskih kultura izvedena konvencionalnim sistemom obrade dala je zadovoljavajuće prinose, karakteristične za date agroklimatske uslove (količine i raspored padavina, zemljište teškog mehaničkog sastava). Meliorativnim sistemom obrade zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava u odnosu na konvencionalni sistem postižu se značajno veći prinosi ratarskih kultura u sušnim godinama (8,6% suncokret, 9,9% kukuruz), a još više u godinama sa izraženim periodima prevlaživanja zemljišta (21% pšenica). Ova istraživanja je potrebno nastaviti zbog sagledavanja efekata primene sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta i na druge gajene kulture, kao i radi sagledavanja efekata produženog dejstva primene ovog sistema obrade (u narednim proizvodnim godinama)